cape floristic region climate

Fynbos ecosystems, part of the greater Cape floristic region, include more than 8,500 species of plants, the majority of which are native nowhere else in the world. The endemic, calcicolous component of the flora, constituting 40% of species, represents 6% of the Cape's regional plant . Climate change and rapid urban development threaten the Region's rich biodiversity. The endemic . "The Greater Cape Floristic Region is a really fascinating place -- it has extremely high plant diversity, and there's been dramatic environmental change over the last 50 years, due to both . In the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa, a fire-prone biodiversity hotspot, we found strong postfire recovery gradients associated with climate resulting in faster recovery in regions with higher soil fertility, minimum July (winter) temperature, and mean January (summer) precipitation. Covering 78,555 km 2, Cape Floristic Region hotspot is located entirely within the borders of South Africa. By Nigel Barker Patterns and processes underlying evolutionary significant units in the Platypleura stridula L. species complex (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in the Cape . In the context of molecularly-dated phylogenies, inferences informed by ancestral habitat reconstruction can yield valuable insights into the origins of biomes, palaeoenvironments and landforms. In regions such as the Cape, not only the climate will change; human population and the resulting pressures on ecosystems will continue to evolve, often in ways unfavorable to bio-diversity. In the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa, a fire-prone biodiversity hotspot, we found strong postfire recovery gradients associated with climate resulting in faster recovery in regions with higher soil fertility, minimum July (winter) temperature, and mean January (summer) precipitation. 7.1). T T he Cape Floral Region, stretching from the Peninsula to the Eastern Cape, is unmatched with regards to flower power.Accounting for less than 0.5% of the continent of Africa, the Cape Floral Region holds an astonishing 20% of its flora, most of it indigenous to this specific region.. This chapter outlines the abiotic characteristics of the GCFR, principally its landscapes, rock types, and gradients of climate. Cape Floristic Region is 78,555km2 and is known for its unique male and female plant species. The findings highlight the threat posed by climate change to some of the most extraordinary places on earth and the importance of giving nature the protection it needs to thrive, the authors of the study say. The shifting landscape of genes since . In the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa, a fire-prone biodiversity hotspot, we found strong postfire recovery gradients associated with climate resulting in faster recovery in regions with higher soil fertility, minimum July (winter) temperature, and mean January (summer) precipitation. prompted by niche conservatism in the face of Miocene-Pliocene climate change and in the context of strong topographic heterogeneity, has powered . Many guidance and reports have looked at the sustainable harvesting of plants in the Cape Floristic Region and therefore the mechanisms to ensure sustainability appears to be present. "The Greater Cape Floristic Region is a really fascinating place — it has extremely high plant diversity, and there's been dramatic environmental change over the last 50 years, due to both climate and land use change. Recent studies conducted on CFR lizards indicated that phylogeographic patterns show some congruency, and that the western CFR shows higher overall diversity in the form of population and/or . Our combined dataset . "The Greater Cape Floristic Region is a really fascinating place — it has extremely high plant diversity, and there's been dramatic environmental change over the last 50 years, due to both climate and land use change. The South African Cape Floristic Region (CFR) was identified as a Field Learning Site where theoretical and applied science and practical implementation are being combined, with the involvement of appropriate stakeholders, to derive innovative responses to anticipated climate change. Cape Floristic Region is one of six plant kingdoms and is the smallest, but riches in the world. The research set out to find an answer by focusing on the Cape Floristic Region in South Africa, a non-tropical heartland of . The climate of Cape Town is considered Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and dry, hot summers. Further warming and moderate drying are predicted for the region. Southey D. Wildfires in the Cape floristic region : exploring vegetation and weather as drivers of fire frequency. Floristic and faunal Cape biochoria: do they exist? The Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, is an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, and is home to over 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic. Leaf temperature was positively correlated with leaf size when wind speed was negligible. "We chose to investigate the CFR partly because this Mediterranean-climate region provides an excellent opportunity to investigate simultaneously the . fynbos, scrubland plant community found along a narrow strip of the extreme southern coast of South Africa, composed of many species of broad-leaved evergreen shrubs, especially plants of the family Proteaceae. It is a popular tourist spot because of a colony of African penguins which settled there in 1982. Much of this diversity is associated with the fynbos biome, a Mediterranean-type, fire-prone shrubland. "The Greater Cape Floristic Region is a really fascinating place — it has extremely high plant diversity, and there's been dramatic environmental change over the last 50 years, due to both climate and land use change. The region has a Mediterranean climate (hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters). 2 This United Nations World Heritage Site 7 and biodiversity hotspot 8 is at grave risk from climate change. Local adaptation along environmental gradients may drive plant species radiation within the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), yet few studies examine the role of ecologically based divergent selection within CFR clades. For an area to qualify it needs to have a . The Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) of South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot of global signiﬁcance, and its archeological record has substantially contributed to the understanding of modern human origins. The Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, is an area of extraordinarily high diversity and . frog species in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) - an area proposed to have evolved its megadiversity under a stable climate, which is expected to change substantially in future. The Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is known for high levels of diversity and endemism; thus we set out to investigate whether genetic structuring of CFR populations of A. atra corresponds to regional environmental shifts. Cape Town - A study by a group of UCT researchers has found global patterns of the plant biodiversity in the Cape Floristic Region . . Cenozoic assembly of the Greater Cape flora 6. Latimer et al. However, virtually nothing is known about Pleistocene fire regimes of the CFR. ASS may explain the co-existence of relatively inflammable closed-canopy Afrotemperate forest patches ('Forest') within fire-prone open-canopy Fynbos in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) on . It represents less than 0.5% of the area of Africa but is home to nearly 20% of the continent's flora. These act together to produce a mosaic of environmental conditions which facilitate the differentiation of the GCFR into smaller physiographic units. "Our data will capture this region's biodiversity in greater detail than ever before from a plane or satellite. South Africa's Cape Floral region has more plant varieties than the Amazon rainforest. Cape Floral Region. changes in climate in the Cape. Criterion (x): The Cape Floral Region is one of the richest areas for plants when compared to any similar sized area in the world. The climate conditions at each garden were within the range of those experienced by natural populations, with Jonaskop tending to have colder winters, stronger drought, lower soil fertility, and a smaller winter peak in rainfall . Many of the region's 2,285 recorded plant species are endemic: they live only here. The average July low temperature is 45°F (7°C) while the average January high is 79°F (26°C). Landscapes, rock types and climate of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 3. With the Cape Floral Region being of the six . . PLANT RESPONSES TO CLIMATE IN THE CAPE FLORISTIC REGION OF SOUTH AFRICA: EVIDENCE FOR ADAPTIVE DIFFERENTIATION IN THE PROTEACEAE Jane E. Carlson,12 Kent E. Holsinger,1 and Rachel Prunier13 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, U-3043, Storrs, Connecticut 06268 . Location Cape Fold Mountains and the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa. In this study, we ask whether populations within the monophyletic white protea clade (Protea section Exsertae, Proteaceae) differ in key functional traits along environmental . University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Science ,Department of Biological Sciences, 2009 [cited yyyy month dd]. Western and eastern regions Adaptive changes in Figure 1 Location of the Cape Floristic Region in southern Africa as defined by Goldblatt & Manning [25]. Of the 9,000 species of vascular plants . Such fires pose societal and ecological threats and have inter alia been attributed to climate change and modification of fuels due to alien plant invasions. The highly diverse and unique Cape Floristic Region near the southern tip of South Africa has been a productive testing ground for evolving systematic conservation planning techniques. Richard M. Cowling. It is located in the Mediterranean biome and Afrotropic ecozone. It is one of the five temperate Mediterranean-type systems on the hotspots list, and is one of only two hotspots that encompass an entire floral kingdom (the other being New Caledonia). The idea of alternate stable states (ASS) has been used to explain the juxtaposition of distinct vegetation types within the same climate regime. Priority Places. . It is located on the Cape Peninsula, in Simon's Town, a suburb of Cape Town in the Western Cape province of South Africa.It is also commonly known as Boulders Bay. Cape Floristic Region | Fynbos | South Africa | biodiversity | climate change A mid mounting evidence of climate change impacts on living systems (1)(2)(3), there is increasing concern about . In the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa, a fire-prone biodiversity hotspot, we found strong postfire recovery gradients associated with climate resulting in faster recovery in regions with higher soil fertility, minimum July (winter) temperature, and mean January (summer) precipitation. "Our data will capture this region's biodiversity in greater detail than ever before from a plane or satellite. In this study, we examined changes in pan evaporation and four other meteorological variables (rainfall, wind run, temperature and vapour pressure deficit) at 20 climate stations in the predominantly winter-rainfall Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa over the period 1974-2005. It is one of the world's six recognized floral kingdoms and houses an extraordinary diversity of plants exhibiting high levels of endemism. Vegetation types of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 2. This dissertation quantifies the role of climate in driving ecological processes in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa, a region of extraordinary biodiversity. Currently "Our data will capture this region's biodiversity in greater detail than ever before from a plane or satellite. Researchers investigated plant diversity in the mega-diverse Cape Floristic Region (CFR) and tested predictions of the two main hypotheses for the existence of extraordinarily diverse areas. . The Cape Floral Region Protected Areas consists of 13 clusters covered with fynbos and known for their rich plant life. The Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is globally recognized as a hotspot of plant diversity and endemism. Unique among floras from the Cape and coastal Mediterranean-climate regions is the relatively high proportion of species associated with tropical lineages, several of which are restricted to calcareous substrata of the CFR. Understanding the flammability of different types of indigenous and invasive alien vegetation is essential to . In less than 0.38% of the area of Africa it has nearly 20% of the continent's flora and five of its twelve endemic . (2009) included South Africa's Cape floristic region as one of the Mediterranean ecotypes, where fire periodicity is critical to the maintenance of biodiversity through seed release mechanisms. Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden. Greater Cape Floristic Region track climate in unexpected directions. They are located in the Mediterranean climate region of South Africa Western Cape Province and the Eastern Cape Province. Species distributions were projected onto mean climate for a current period (1950 to 2000), hindcasted to palaeoclimate (Last Glacial Maximum; The GCFR has been extensively used as test case for modelling climate change impacts on biodiversity at the biome and species level. The Cape Floristic Region is a floristic region located near the southern tip of South Africa.It is the only floristic region of the Cape (South African) Floristic Kingdom, and includes only one floristic province, known as the Cape Floristic Province.. Unique among floras from the Cape and coastal Mediterranean-climate regions is the relatively high proportion of species associated with tropical lineages, several of which are restricted to calcareous substrata of the CFR. Madagascar and the Indian Ocean islands The Cape Floristic Region is a floristic region located near the southern tip of South Africa.It is the only floristic region of the Cape (South African) Floristic Kingdom, and includes only one floristic province, known as the Cape Floristic Province.. The city is located within the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa and as a result, ecotourism is popular in the city as well. This Cape region is dominated by fynbos shrublands (see Fig. American Journal of Botany 107(5): 735-748. doi:10.1002/ajb2.1472 PREMISE: The functional significance of leaf margins has long been debated. Drivers, ecology and management of fire in fynbos 4. South Africa's Cape Floral Region is a small area densely packed with an exceptionally high number of plant species. Background Globally, and in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa, extreme fires have become more common in recent years. In this study, we explore influences of climate, leaf lobing, woodiness, and shared evolutionary history Values: The Cape Floral Region has been called the world's hottest hot-spot for plant diversity and endemism. WWF works to protect places based on the wealth and variety of life they support, the destructive challenges they face, and our ability to positively impact them. At an environmental level, leaf attributes of Proteaceae occurring in the winter-rainfall area of the Cape Floristic Region were correlated with climatic environments derived from distribution data for each species. Madagascar and the Indian Ocean islands Local adaptation along environmental gradients may drive plant species radiation within the Cape Floristic Region . 5. Its flora is so diverse and unique that it warrants classification as one the world's six principal floristic regions. Syphard et al. A World Bank-supported project financed by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) has helped increase land conservation and create local jobs. The Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, is an area of extraordinarily high diversity and . How the temperature increased in the Cape Floristic Region between 1901 and 2009. . We characterized the fire danger climate of the PAP during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 19-26 ka BP . 4. Unique among floras from the Cape and coastal Mediterranean-climate regions is the relatively high proportion of species associated with tropical lineages, several of which are restricted to calcareous substrata of the CFR. Speciation and extinction in the Greater Cape Floristic Region 7. Methods The phylogeographical structure of 116 . The GCFR's latitudinal position (28°S to 35 . Biodiversity hotspots are the world's most biodiverse and threatened terrestrial regions. The study investigated the plant diversity in the mega-diverse . The South African Cape Floristic Region (CFR) was identified as a Field Learning Site where theoretical and applied science and practical implementation are being combined, with the involvement of appropriate stakeholders, to derive innovative responses to anticipated climate change. The thermal tolerances and preferences of native fish in the Cape Floristic Region: towards understanding the effect of climate change on native fish species ABSTRACT Global climate change models indicate that a rise in temperature and reduction in rainfall in the Western Cape Province of South Africa is inevitable and unavoidable. Key Facts. The endemic, calcicolous component of the flora, constituting 40% of species, represents 6% of the Cape's regional plant . the greater cape floristic region (gcfr, born et al., 2007) consists of in this study we investigate the role of pleistocene climate on the the fynbos and succulent karoo biomes, both of which are globally range dynamics within the gcfr using species distribution modelling recognised for their unusually high levels of plant diversity and endemism … As protea plant species ranges contract, expand, and shift in response to climate change, new reserve selection methods are needed to account for this dynamism. For both reasons, the climate and vegetation history of southwest-ern South Africa is of interest to numerous ﬁelds. Climate change models predict that, At a Glance. The Cape Florsitic Region has been identified as one of the world's 18-biodiversity hotspot. The Cape floristic region, at Africa's southern tip, is a Mediterranean climate region that is home to a significant number of endemic taxa, as well as to plant families like the proteas (Proteaceae) that are also found in the Australasian realm. Amazon Yangtze Southern Chile Madagascar Arctic Northern Great Plains Chihuahuan Desert The Galápagos Amur-Heilong Borneo and Sumatra Mesoamerican Reef Namibia . The study region is the world's smallest biodiversity hotspot, the Cape Floristic Region, with a total area of nearly 91,000 km 2.This area harbors significant floristic diversity and endemism comparable to tropical rainforests .The analyses were extended approximately 600 km to the east and 200 km to the north of the CFR because of the large number of Pelargonium records and availability of . The region that hosts more than 9,600 plant species must burn periodically to survive. 5 Proteas are the most common, best-recognized species of fynbos . It is thought that within 50 years Fynbos will be largely replaced with a different, unknown vegetation type. Climate change threatens to affect ecological dynamics at regional to global scales. "The Greater Cape Floristic Region is a really fascinating place — it has extremely high plant diversity . Here we examine the A Botes, M. A. McGeoch, H. G. Robertson, Ashley van Niekerk, H. P. Davids, S. L. Chown Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review The Cape Floristic Region is home to the greatest non-tropical concentration of higher plant species in the world, with 9,000 species crammed into its small extent. Boulders Beach is a sheltered beach made up of inlets between granite boulders, from which the name originated. Patterns and processes underlying evolutionary significant units in the Platypleura stridula L. species complex (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Figure 3. The remarkable biodiversity of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is examined in much of this book from an ecological and evolutionary perspective. . Cape floristic region. January 1, 2011 South Africa's mediterranean-type climate (MTC) region is the smallest of the five MTC regions, centered in the southwestern corner of the Western Cape Province (Fig. 3.63. Moreover, climate-modelling exercises have demonstrated that the Fynbos in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is likely to be highly sensitive to climate change (Midgley et al., 2003; Hannah et al., 2005). 1. It was a significant population of well-known large mammals including common eland, African Buffalo, Lions, Black rhinoceros, African elephant, Mountain Zebra, and Hippopotamus, Bluebuck, and . Incredibly, more than 6,200 (69 percent) of these species are found nowhere else in the world. said it was a grim warning about the future impact of higher temperatures in the Cape Floristic Region . The Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South . (a) Extent of habitat transformation in the southwestern Cape Floristic Region in 2000 and additional projected habitat transformation by . The United Nations recognizes portions of South Africa's Cape Floristic Region as a World Heritage Natural Site. . However, few realise that South Africa is in fact home to three different biodiversity hotspots, namely the Cape Floristic Region, the Succulent Karoo ecoregion and the Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany corridor. The climate in the region has warmed over the last century, but there has been no clear trend in rainfall. However, resourcing challenges have also pointed to opportunities for over-harvesting and picking of illegal species to have increased (Blokker et al., 2015). "The Greater Cape Floristic Region is a really fascinating place — it has extremely high plant diversity, and there's been dramatic environmental change over the last 50 years, due to both climate and land use change. 1.6e) but this fynbos biome continues eastward far outside the MTC. The Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is well-known for its floral diversity, yet also contains a rich herpetofauna with >180 species, 28% of which are endemic. Cape floristic region. In the second chapter an extensive database of observed wildfires and high-resolution meteorological data were used to (2005) provided evidence that this region is among the most biodiverse on earth. Its man-agement (conservation, fire) and the impact of invasive alien species and climate change are the focus of other chapters (Chapters 3, 12, 13, 14). The rugged topography of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), South Africa, is frequently invoked to explain the spectacular radiation of the Cape flora, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. In terms of climate change, the Cape Floristic Region has also been known as one of five world's temperate Mediterranean hotspots of the climate region. In this paper, we use dated phylogenies of 12 plant clades from the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) in southern Africa to test hypotheses of Neogene climatic and geomorphic evolution. The Cape Floristic Region, occupying an area of 78,555 square km, is located close to South Africa's southern tip, entirely within the borders of the country. The Cape Floral Region's bounty of plant life has proudly earned South Africa a place among the world's . The Cape Floristic Region—which evolved in a stable sliver of Mediterranean climate over millions of years—is the smallest of the world's six floral kingdoms, yet it is also the richest, and, perhaps the most under-appreciated. Planning for Climate Change: Identifying Minimum-Dispersal Corridors for the Cape Proteaceae By Guy Midgley Potential impacts of future land use and climate change on the Red List status of the Proteaceae in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa . In June 2010, . Landscape-level fire governs vegetation structure and composition in the contemporary Cape Floristic Region (CFR) and was key to the existence of Middle Stone-Age hunter gatherers on the Palaeo-Agulhas Plain (PAP). 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